-
Lower than
designed strength of concrete
-
Driveway scaling
due to inadequate air entrainment
-
Surface scaling
due to improper finishing
-
Popouts due to
freezing of near-surface, water absorptive and alkali-silica reactive
aggregates in concrete
-
Mortar lift-offs
due to improper finishing
-
Warehouse floor
delamination due to trowel finishing an air entrained concrete slab
-
Delamination due
to premature and prolonged finishing
-
Surface
discoloration due to differential water-cement ratios
-
Efflorescence on
floor tiles due to moisture upwelling
-
Surface
blemishes, blisters on floor tiles
-
Cracking due to
alkali-aggregate reaction
-
Loss of mass and
strength due to sulfate attack
-
Cracking and
popouts due to delayed hydration of free lime and magnesia
-
Cement and
concrete burns
-
Cracking due to
differential shrinkage
-
Moisture
expansion of construction materials
-
Early freezing of
plastic concrete
-
Late freezing of
hardened concrete
-
Cracking due to
delayed ettringite formation
-
Cracking and
curling of slab due to differential moisture conditions
-
Cracking and
curling of slab due to differential thermal conditions
-
Bowing and dishing of stone and
precast concrete panels due to differential moisture and/or thermal
conditions
-
De-bonding of
floor tiles
-
Cracking of
stucco and other plaster finishes
-
Corrosion of
concrete, mortar, and sewage pipes
-
Warehouse slab
surface abrasion due to improper design and construction practice
-
Corrosion of
steel in concrete due to chloride ingress and carbonation
-
Drying and
plastic shrinkage cracking in concrete
-
Paint failure from drywalls and
from concrete floors
-
Cracking and water infiltration in
masonry structures
-
Efflorescence on masonry surfaces
and brick pavers
-
Cracking, spalling, and lifting of
non-shrink, anchoring and patching grouts